Hybridizer's Statement

I believe I have one of the most diverse gene pools in any active hybridizing program.  I have incorporated many rare and un-used species into my lines and  continue to introduce more rare species blood.  These species are the source of new and unexplored daylily genomes.  Many wonderful traits are coming from the introduction of species blood:  massive buds and branching, fragrance, extended bloom period,  extra early, very late, bud building and reblooming characteristics, radial branching, hybrid vigor, clean foliage and rates of increase up to ten fold per year -- to name a few.  Since I began hybridizing I have kept scrupulous records of my crosses.  I created a searchable database for my studbooks and it is currently tracking over 7,900 crosses!  In 2004-2005 I moved my breeding program to a new site.  From over three acres of seedlings, I selected the best plants to continue my breeding program.  I no longer operate a retail daylily nursery, I am strictly hybridizing now so I can concentrate on what I do best:  research and development.  Bluegrass Gardens Daylily Farm is now the exclusive source for new Mahieu Introductions.  They have the most complete selection of Mahieu Daylilies for sale anywhere.  I am very excited to be collaborating with a professional daylily grower and hybridizer who wants to work with me to take my breeding program to the next level.  This fall we introduced fourty new daylilies from my spider/uf/species lines.

Please see my article A Daylily Manifesto in the Winter 2007 AHS Daylily Journal
Mavis and Stewart Smith
Mavis and Stewart Smith in their garden mid 1990s

Mavis Gwendolyn Carter
MAVIS GWENDOLYN CARTER 50 ML 10.5, 5X24 NOC EXT DOR, CASCADE UF huge glittering polychrome of pink, lavender and lemon cream with creamy chartreuse throat. glittering microfringe on petals.  This flower is named for the woman who introduced me to daylilies: Mavis (née Carter) Smith.  I also named a daylily to honor her husband Stewart this year.  The pod parent of MGC is ‘Rosella Flight’ Mahieu ‘03 or a sibling: this is a great example of a very modern form coming from “simple” or “old-fashioned” flowers.
[(NINA REBMEN x JENNIE LOVE) X (WILL RETURN x CALDERA)]
The coloration of Mavis' namesake reminded me a bit of George Lenington's famous namesake: H. 'Mavis Smith'.


Stewart Peden Smith
STEWART PEDEN SMITH 44 E 7.5, 3X20 NOC EXT DOR CASCADE UF
unique, icy cream-chartreuse and white blend huge creamy lemon to apple green throat. pollen fertile only. Stewart is my surrogate father, he selected this flower as his namesake, I am happy that it involves H. citrina.
 more information on my citrina lines here.
[{GOLLIWOG x (H citrina x LOLA BRANHAM)}X(AQUAMARINE x TENNESSEE FLYCATCHER)]

I began hybridizing in 1992 as a result of meeting Stewart and Mavis Smith. I was commissioned to do a painting of their  daylily garden.

Garden Path, Smith garden
Garden Path (painting of the Smith Garden) 
oil on canvas 24 X 36 inches, Brian Mahieu


Meeting the Smiths:

When I passed through the redwood gates of the Smith's Columbia home, I was stunned with the spectacle of color I found.  I had thought daylilies only came in molten shades of orange and yellow, and was thus convinced that “I don't like daylilies.”  Mavis and I shared a love of art and music, and we had both recently visited Claude Monet’s home in Giverny, France.  We spoke of this experience -- which was my first revelation of what ornamental horticulture could be.  Mavis and Stewart were the first people I had met that cultivated a luxury garden merely for the pleasure it gave the senses. 

I will never forget Mavis’ Australian “huc-HOOOOO --  BOY!  Come here!”  (This before pointing out some hidden facet of botanical beauty, or perhaps an unfortunate weed.)  I forgave her this indiscretion, as I have always looked young, and have never doubted her love for me since.  In our first conversations, and many since then Mavis opened my eyes to what a good flower, and garden plant should be.  I told her COLOR was the most important aspect of a flower, and she corrected me that it was FORM which reigned supreme.  I had never given the form of a flower much thought, I was attracted to the color and the scent -- form was incidental.  Mavis revealed to me the error of my ways.  She also showed me about flower substance, texture, and the many subtleties of a daylilies beauty.  When I asked questions about hybridizing, she would demure, or perhaps, toss me one pearl of wisdom,thus baiting me to want more.  In this way she was the supreme teacher.  She answered hundreds, if not thousands, of daylily questions via correspondence, and through her column in the Journal called:  Growing Ideas.  Her booklet by the same name can still be obtained through AHS. 

Stewart and Mavis showered me with hundreds of daylilies, mostly Munsons -- anything that I put on my wish list, and that they could spare.  I was irresistibly drawn to Munson’s purples and lavenders.  Also Child’s enigmatic TRAHLYTA which they dug and gave me the entire clump.  This clump of TRAHLYTA became an indispensable “brood mare” for me, and in 1996, I set over 50 pods on it.  These crosses formed the basis of my eyed spider and Unusual Forms lines.  I was also enamored of Mavis’ creamy melon flowers in delicious shades of orange sherbet and warm pink.  She also had a penchant for subtle polychromes and cream pinks, mostly selfs.  Her RIPPON LEA is still a striking garden subject with incredibly round and flat petals.  Other significant Smith cultivars are: RED ROO, KIAH, BULLAGEN,  BALLARAT, GEELONG (an extra early, fragrant lemon yellow 100% double),  and KIAH.  I used many of these in my hybridizing, RIPPON LEA and GEELONG were significant parents for me.


Stewart and Mavis Smith had introduced me to daylilies and gave me hundreds of plants including a clump of H. "Trahlyta".  Virtually all the plants in the Smith's garden were round and ruffled tetraploids, and Mavis was keen to liquidate her diploids and anything that was not full-figured.    One day at the Smiths, I chanced across an image of "Lola Branham" in the Picture Gallery of the AHS Journal.  I was immediately smitten.  Stewart said that I needed to visit the Whitacres, and that was the beginning of a great friendship and massive hybridizing program to re-create the orchid-like shape of "Lola Branham" in every hue imaginable.

note:  Mavis passed away in December of 1999.  Stewart is still a dear friend and like a father to me.  In 2007 I named two daylilies to honor Stewart and Mavis:  'Stewart Peden Smith' and 'Mavis Gwendolyn Carter'.
Daylily Mentors:  Rosemary & Jim Whitacre
photo courtesy:  Jim Whitacre


The Whitacre's garden was a few minutes from my art gallery in downtown Columbia, Missouri.   On a warm June evening, sometime after the summer solstice, I wandered through the Whitacre's magical garden.  Past exotic spiders and orchid-like (yet unclassified) Unusual Forms daylilies in every color of the daylily spectrum.  At the back of their garden stood a magnificent clump of Hemerocallis citrina, it's sublime lemon yellow blooms slowly unfurling as the evening shadows fell.  I gently snapped one of the fragrant trumpets off the scape and carried my treasure into Jim and Rosemary's kitchen.



 
 

Hemerocallis citrina
Hemerocallis citrina opening at dusk, Mahieu garden.


 
 

scraping pollen into a gelatin capsule
Scraping pollen into a gelatin capsule.

My first visit to the Whitacre's was earth shattering for me.  I had never seen daylilies is these artistic, open forms on tall scapes -- blooms that "looked me in the eye"!  Two that made an indelible impression on me were Lambert's "Cerulean Star" and the rare "Katys Blue" by Griffiths.  I also remember remarking on the simple beauty of the historic H. fulva rosea seedling from Japan known in the trade as "stu's old pink spider" (unregistered.).  Jim admired it too and pronounced it "a honey!"  To Jim and Rosemary these plants were not merely flowers, they were like people.  Each one seemed to have a personality and unique anthropomorphic characteristics.   Before meeting the Whitacres I had devoured A.B. Stout's book DAYLILIES, and subsequently John Schabell's scholarly series published in the  AHS Journal THE SPECIES.  In both works a single progenitor of the modern daylily fascinated me.  The descriptions of her intoxicatingly fragrant, nocturnal blooms, magnificent scapes and vigorous growth were alluring.  Mental images of her famous children -- that appeared in so many daylily pedigrees -- haunted me:  "Ophir, Yellowstone, Golden West, Sir Michael Foster, Hyperion ..."  This plant was Hemerocallis citrina.  Jim told me where to find her.  I picked my way through their floral paradise and when I found her there by the back fence it was like I had discovered her for myself in the steamy forests of  China!
Back at the Whitacre's kitchen table, Jim produced a green and yellow box of empty gelatin capsules, and Rosemary talked me through the procedure of gently scraping each open pollen sac into the capsule,  then labeling it with a Sharpie marker.  With that vial of pollen, I pollinated many plants including every bloom on my clump of Stanley Saxtonís "Orchid Corsage".  I got one take on that clump and that produced a pod containing seven seeds.  From that cross I got five pale lemon yellow trumpets, one coppery purple spider and one pale lemon yellow classic spider.  The last two seedlings formed the basis for my Viking Series of daylilies and the purple spider gave me one  my most important hybridizing tools to date:  THORHALLA.
 
 

'Thorhalla'
'Thorhalla' Mahieu 2003

Viking Series Plants involving H. citrina :


 GUDRID   JUNGLE FOWL    ROGNVALDUR   THORHALLA   WINGED BEING
Orchid Corsage X H citrina
(ORCHID CORSAGE X H citrina)-A 
This is a classic spider, and the foundation of
my citrina lines.  Parent of many plants in the VIKING SERIES.

 The Whitacre's were incredibly generous to me with not only their knowledge, daylily image bank, but most importantly their plants.  They gave me full run of their garden to collect pollen for hybridizing, and I obtained the bulk of my breeding stock from them.  Having access to, probably, the most definitive collection of Spiders and Unusual Forms and Lambert cultivars was a powerful leg up for me.  In addition to named cultivars I got to see the last seedlings of John Lambert.  Lambert considered Rosemary his daughter, and she inherited his last crop of unbloomed seedlings when he died.  Jim registered one called "Dark Gift" in 1997, along with "Sparafucile" and "Cinnamon Sprinkle".  Another Lambert seedling that attracted my attention was D86-8C.  This is a huge (8 plus inches, I'd say) blackish violet Unusual Form, with the classic Lambert pinched-twisted spatulate shape.  I used this pollen and it has given me some of the most exciting UFs in the black-purple color range.  One named to point out the Whitacreís generosity to me is "Whitacre's Gift".  I also named  another plant to honor Rosemary who was half Seneca:  "Seneca Maiden". 

Lambert Seedling D-86-8C a seminal parent for me.
Photo copyright Jim Whitacre

Lambert D-86-8C

Jim and Rosemary freely gave their encouragement and knowledge to me.  Rosemary was delighted to share her deep insights into hybridizing for spiders, using nocturnal daylilies in a breeding program, thoughts about getting blue daylilies, good parents for this trait or that.  Her published articles SO WHERE ARE THE SEEDS ALREADY? and THE ORIGINS OF THE SPIDERS are great treasures for any hybridizer.  Rosemary toiled for over a decade on the committee that classified Spiders, and many of her terms came into common parlance as descriptors for Unusual Forms.  She saved me many years of trial and error, and I hope that my work will be a continuing legacy that honors the great contributions she and Jim made to the daylily world and especially the Spider and Unusual Forms classes. 
  

Hybridizing Thoughts:

H citrina 

Loch Ness Monster pedigree chart 

Cerulean Star pedigree chart

Tips for Beginners

Breeding Black and Brown Daylilies

Color Theory useful to Hybridizers

An English Hybridiser's Blog Spot
using H citrina and spider/Uf daylilies

copyright Brian Mahieu August 2005

Seneca Maiden
'Seneca Maiden' Named for Rosemary Whitacre, Mahieu 2001
Whitacre's Gift
'Whitacre's Gift' Mahieu 2003
Contact

Be sure to see my article A Daylily Manifesto in the Winter 2007 AHS Daylily Journal

News: I have launched a new Hybridizing blog and forum PollenNation

PollenNation hybridizing forum hosted by Brian Mahieu


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